Categories with New Foundations

While the interaction between set theory and category theory has been studied extensively, the set theories considered have remained almost entirely within the Zermelo family. Quine’s New Foundations has received limited attention, despite being the one-sorted version of a theory mentioned as a possible foundation for Category Theory by Mac Lane and Eilenberg in their seminal paper on the subject. The lack of attention given to NF is not without justification. The category of NF sets is not cartesian closed and the failure of choice is a theorem of NF. But those results should not obscure the aspects of NF that have foundational appeal, nor the value of studying category theory in the context of a universal set. The present research is not intended to “advocate” for the use of NF as a practical foundation for category theory. Instead, the work presents a broad survey of the interaction between the set theory and category theory of NF, examining the relationship in both directions. The abstract structure, of which both type restriction (in the category of NF sets) and size restriction (in the category of all categories) are specific cases, appears to be the study of relative algebra. In a number of cases, the existence of relative algebraic structures in NF can be proven more generally for a class of relative adjoints, (pseudo)monads, etc. Thus, where it seems appropriate to do so, this thesis seeks to contribute to the broader study of relative algebra

Automated acoustic intensity measurements and the effect of gear tooth profile on noise

Acoustic intensity measurements were made at NASA Lewis Research Center on a spur gear test apparatus. The measurements were obtained with the Robotic Acoustic Intensity Measurement System developed by Cleveland State University. This system provided dense spatial positioning, and was calibrated against a high quality acoustic intensity system. The measured gear noise compared gearsets having two different tooth profiles. The tests evaluated the sound field of the different gears for two speeds and three loads. The experimental results showed that gear tooth profile had a major effect on measured noise. Load and speed were found to have an effect on noise also

Automated Acoustic Intensity Measurements and the Effect of Gear Tooth Profile on Noise

Acoustic intensity measurements were made at NASA Lewis Research Center on a spur gear test apparatus. The measurements were obtained with the Robotic Acoustic Intensity Measurement System developed by Cleveland State University. This system provided dense spatial positioning, and was calibrated against a high quality acoustic intensity system. The measured gear noise compared gearsets having two different tooth profiles. The tests evaluated the sound field of the different gears for two speeds and three loads. The experimental results showed that gear tooth profile had a major effect on measured noise. Load and speed were found to have an effect on noise also

Informacja jako autonomiczny czynnik wpływu w przestrzeni publicznej. Studium władztwa informacyjnego

Praca ma charakter interdyscyplinarnej analizy relacji na linii władza – informacja i ukazuje kanały przepływu informacji w przestrzeni publicznej. Główna hipoteza zamyka się w ocenie, iż istnieje dostatecznie dużo przesłanek uzasadniających supozycję o występowaniu zjawiska władztwa informacyjnego, którego podstawą jest potencjał tkwiący w informacji, po pierwsze – jako źródła wiedzy o zdarzeniach i procesach, po drugie – źródła ocen wizerunkowych; po trzecie – źródła nadawania znaczeń określonym faktom, po czwarte – podstawy kształtowania określonych zachowań politycznych. Wraz z nowymi uwarunkowaniami nastąpiło odejście od klasycznie rozumianych form zinstytucjonalizowanego rządzenia na rzecz wielozależnościowych struktur cywilizacyjnych. Zdigitalizowani obywatele mogą dysponować większą siłą wpływu na ostateczny scenariusz cywilizacyjny niż ośrodki władzy. Jednocześnie dokonało się przekształcenie dotychczasowej przestrzeni społecznej w elektroniczną przestrzeń sieciową, a w konsekwencji przejście od representative democracy do information democracy. Prawa sfery informacyjnej i technologicznej (opisywane przez informatykę, cybernetykę) zostały zintegrowane z prawami rządzącymi relacjami społecznymi. Relewantna okazuje się być siła natężenia zmian w następujących przestrzeniach: (a) w wolumenie ilości informacji, (b) w szybkości i częstotliwości dokonywania transferów, (c) w odległościach między sferą władzy a sferą obywatelską, (d) w wykorzystywaniu metod przekazu, (e) w zakresie przekształceń sygnału z analogowego na cyfrowy, (f) wynikających z powszechności sieci, (g) w gromadzeniu (metodami jawnymi i niejawnymi) informacji, (h) w udostępnianiu informacji, (i) na poziomie wymiany informacji, (j) na poziomie współzależności (multidependency), (k) w zakresie podejścia do zarządzania informacją, (l) prawnych, w tym ustawodawstwa gwarantującego dostęp do informacji publicznej, możliwości ponownego jej wykorzystania i transparentności (open state, open data, open government, re-use), (m) prawnych w zakresie metod pozyskiwania informacji kolidujących z normami demokratycznymi, (n) prawnych w zakresie informatyzowania usług publicznych (np. e-goverment, e-voting), (o) w zakresie wielkości środków finansowych przeznaczanych na infrastrukturę informacyjną, (p) w zakresie edukacji, w tym biegłości informacyjnej (information literacy), (r) w sferze partycypacji społecznej (social engagement), (s) w zakresie podejścia do siebie podmiotów relacji. Pierwszy rozdział jest poświęcony konceptualizacji problemów badawczych i zawiera przybliżenia definicyjne najważniejszych komponentów terminologicznych. Drugi rozdział stanowi przegląd wybranych ujęć badawczych relacji między informacją i władzą. Trzeci rozdział definiuje nowe uwarunkowania informacyjne widziane z perspektywy obywatela. Czwarty rozdział koncentruje uwagę na przepływach informacyjnych z perspektywy podmiotów władzy. Piąty rozdział ma charakter empirycznego wsparcia dla całej analizy. Szósty rozdział jest formą podsumowania wywodu i zawiera opis elementów relewantnych z punktu widzenia występowania oraz nasilania się efektu władztwa informacyjnego, którego zrozumienie wymaga uruchomienia abstrakcyjnego myślenia. Władztwo informacyjne nie ma jednego źródła pochodzenia, centralnego ośrodka, endogennego rdzenia. Jest hybrydą wszystkiego, współtworząc inteligentny, szybko uczący się i dostosowujący system (smart system). System metainformacyjny i eksploatujący wszystkie zasoby. System korelacyjny, ekspansywny, inkluzywny, chłonny, symultaniczny, wreszcie niewyczerpywalny. Work is an interdisciplinary analysis of the relations between the public authorities and information and shows the flow of information in the public sphere. The main hypothesis is integrated in the assessment that there is sufficient evidence to justify the occurrence of the phenomenon of the power of information, which is based on the potential of information, first - as a source of knowledge about occurrences and processes, secondly - the source of opinions about images, third – the source of assigning meanings to specified facts, fourth - the basis to develop particular political behavior. Within the new circumstances the classically understood forms of institutional governance structures have to be replaced with the multidimensional civilization structures. Digital citizens could have more influential power on the final civilization scenario than traditional centers of power. At the same time the transition from the existing social sphere into the electronic web-space sphere occurred and, consequently the transition from representative democracy to information democracy. The laws that describes sphere of information and technology (govern by information technology, cybernetics) have been integrated into the laws that govern social relations. Relevant is the force of intensity of changes in the following areas: (a) the volume of information, (b) the speed and frequency of transfers, (c) the distance between the civil sphere and the sphere of public authorities, (d) methods of communication, (e) transformation of the signal from analog to digital, (f) commonness of network, (g) the collection of (with open and secret methods) information, (h) providing information, (i) exchange of information, (j) at the level of multidependency, (k) in the approach to information management, (l) legal, including legislation ensuring access to public information, re-use information and transparency (open state, open government), (m) legal methods of obtaining information that interfere with democratic standards, (n) legal, including legislation of computerizing public services (e-goverment, e-voting), (o) the amount of funds allocated in information infrastructure, (p) the level of education (information literacy), (r) the sphere of social participation and engagement, (s) in terms of the approach to relationship. The first chapter is devoted to the conceptualization of research problems and provides definitions of the key terminology components. The second chapter provides an overview of selected research approaches to the relationship between information and power. The third section defines new conditions of information seen from the perspective of the citizen. The fourth chapter concentrates on the flow of information from the perspective of government entities. The fifth section is empirical support for the entire analysis. The sixth chapter is a summary of work and includes the relevant components revealing the occurrence of intensifying effect of the power of information, which understanding requires the implementation of abstract thinking. There is no single source, or the main center, or the endogenous core of power of information effect. It is a hybrid of all, creating a smart, intelligent, fast learning and adapting system. The metainformational and exploiting all resources system. The correlative, expansive, inclusive, receptive, simultaneous, and finally inexhaustible system

Online detection and sorting of extracellularly recorded action potentials in human medial temporal lobe recordings, in vivo

Understanding the function of complex cortical circuits requires the simultaneous recording of action potentials from many neurons in awake and behaving animals. Practically, this can be achieved by extracellularly recording from multiple brain sites using single wire electrodes. However, in densely packed neural structures such as the human hippocampus, a single electrode can record the activity of multiple neurons. Thus, analytic techniques that differentiate action potentials of different neurons are required. Offline spike sorting approaches are currently used to detect and sort action potentials after finishing the experiment. Because the opportunities to record from the human brain are relatively rare, it is desirable to analyze large numbers of simultaneous recordings quickly using online sorting and detection algorithms. In this way, the experiment can be optimized for the particular response properties of the recorded neurons. Here we present and evaluate a method that is capable of detecting and sorting extracellular single-wire recordings in realtime. We demonstrate the utility of the method by applying it to an extensive data set we acquired from chronically-implanted depth electrodes in the hippocampus of human epilepsy patients. This dataset is particularly challenging because it was recorded in a noisy clinical environment. This method will allow the development of closed-loop experiments, which immediately adapt the experimental stimuli and/or tasks to the neural response observed.Comment: 9 figures, 2 tables. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 2006 (in press). Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 2006 (in press

Dendritic Cell-Mediated-Immunization with Xenogenic PrP and Adenoviral Vectors Breaks Tolerance and Prolongs Mice Survival against Experimental Scrapie

In prion diseases, PrPc, a widely expressed protein, is transformed into a pathogenic form called PrPSc, which is in itself infectious. Antibodies directed against PrPc have been shown to inhibit PrPc to PrPSc conversion in vitro and protect in vivo from disease. Other effectors with potential to eliminate PrPSc-producing cells are cytotoxic T cells directed against PrP-derived peptides but their ability to protect or to induce deleterious autoimmune reactions is not known. The natural tolerance to PrPc makes difficult to raise efficient adaptive responses. To break tolerance, adenovirus (Ad) encoding human PrP (hPrP) or control Ad were administered to wild-type mice by direct injection or by transfer of Ad-transduced dendritic cells (DCs). Control Ad-transduced DCs from Tg650 mice overexpressing hPrP were also used for immunization. DC-mediated but not direct administration of AdhPrP elicited antibodies that bound to murine native PrPc. Frequencies of PrP-specific IFNγ-secreting T cells were low and in vivo lytic activity only targeted cells strongly expressing hPrP. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that CD3+ T cell infiltration was similar in the brain of vaccinated and unvaccinated 139A-infected mice suggesting the absence of autoimmune reactions. Early splenic PrPSc replication was strongly inhibited ten weeks post infection and mean survival time prolonged from 209 days in untreated 139A-infected mice to 246 days in mice vaccinated with DCs expressing the hPrP. The efficacy appeared to be associated with antibody but not with cytotoxic cell-mediated PrP-specific responses

Open charm measurements in NA61/SHINE at CERN SPS

The measurements of open charm production was proposed as an important tool to investigate the properties of the hot and dense matter formed in nucleus-nucleus collisions as well as to provide the means for model independent interpretation of the existing data on J/ψ suppression. Recently, the experimental setup of the NA61/SHINE experiment was supplemented with a Vertex Detector which was motivated by the importance and the possibility of the first direct measurements of open charm meson production in heavy ion collisions at SPS energies. First test data taken in December 2016 on Pb+Pb collisions at 150A GeV/c allowed to validate the general concept of D0 meson detection via its D0 → π+ + K− decay channel and delivered a first indication of open charm production. The physics motivation of open charm measurements at SPS energies, pilot results on open charm production, and finally, the future plans of open charm measurements in the NA61/SHINE experiment after LS2 are presented